Original Article
Quantification and Diminution of Quercus semecarpifolia Forests Ecosystem Services in Himalayan Region- An Overview
Year: 2021 | Month: March | Volume 14 | Issue 1
1.Degroot, R.S., Fisher, B., Christie, M., Aronson, J., Braat, L., Haines-Young, R., Gowdy, J., Maltby, E., Neuville, A., Polasky, S., Portela, R. and Ring, I. 2010. Integrating the ecological and economic dimensions in biodiversity and ecosystem service valuation. In: Kumar P, editor. The economics of ecosystems and biodiversity: ecological and economic foundations. London (UK): Earthscan, p. 1–40.
View at Google Scholar2.Dorji, T., Baral, H., Brookes, J., Facelli, J., Sears, R., Norbu, T. and Dorji, K. 2018. Community values and perceptions of ecosystem services of high-altitude old-growth oak forests of Bhutan Himalayas. Working Paper 245. Bogor, Indonesia: CIFOR.
View at Google Scholar3.Holecheck, J.L. 1984. Comparative contribution of grasses, forbs, and shrubs to the nutrition range ungulates.
View at Google Scholar4.Kababya, D., Perevolotsky, A., Brukental, I. and Landau, S. 1998. Selection of diets by dual purpose Mamber goats in Mediterranean woodland. J. Agr. Sci-cambridge, 131: 221–228.
View at Google Scholar6.Meuret, M., Boza, J., Narjisse, N. and Nastis, A. 1990. Evaluation and utilization of rangeland feeds by goats. In: Morand Fehr, P. (ed.) Goat Nutrition Wageningen, The Netherlands.
View at Google Scholar7.Moktan, M.R. 2014. ‘Social and Ecological Consequences of Commercial Harvesting of Oak for Firewood in Bhutan’. Mt. Res. Dev., 34(2):139-146.
View at Google Scholar8.Negi, S.S. and Naithani, H.B. 1995. Oaks of India, Nepal and Bhutan. Dehradun: International Book Distributors. ISBN: 8170892333.
View at Google Scholar9.Orwa, C., Mutua, A., Kindt, R., Jamnadass, R. and Anthony, S. 2009. Agroforestree Database: a tree and selection guide version 4.0. http://www.worldagroforestry. org/sites/ treedbs /treedatabases.asp.
View at Google Scholar10.Pandey, R.K. and Makkar, H.P.S. 1991. Variation of Tannins in Oak Leaves. Biochem Physiol Pflanz., 187(5): 392-394.
View at Google Scholar11.Papachristou, T.G. and Nastis, A.S. 1996. Influence of deciduous broadleaved woody species in goat nutrition during the dry season in Northern Greece. Small Rumin. Res., 20: 15.
View at Google Scholar12.Perevolotsky, A., Landau, S., Kababya, D. and Ungor, E.D. 1998. Diet selection in dairy goats grazing woody Mediterranean range land. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci., 57: 117–131.
View at Google Scholar13.Rai, I.D., Padalia, H., Singh, G., Adhikari, B.S. and Rawat, G.S. et al. 2020. Vegetation dry matter dynamics along tree line ecotone in Western Himalaya, India. Tropical Ecology, 61: 116–127.
View at Google Scholar14.Roder, W., Dorji, K. and Gratzer, G. 2003. ‘Nutrient flow from the forest – source of life for traditional Bhutanese agriculture’. Austrian J. For. Sci., 1: 65-72.
View at Google Scholar15.Saklani, K.P. 1999. Altitudinal and seasonal variation in relation to fodder quality of oak (Quercus leucotrichophora A. Camus ex. Bahadur) in Garhwal Himalaya. D.Phil. Thesis, H.N.B. Garhwal University, Srinagar, Uttaranchal, pp. 111.
View at Google Scholar16.Shrestha, B.B. 2003. Quercus semecarpifolia Sm. in the Himalayan region: Ecology, exploitation and threats. Himalayan J. Sci., 1(2): 126–128.
View at Google Scholar17.Shrestha, R.K. and Paudel, K.C. 1996. Oak forest under threat: An urgent concern for the mountain environment. In: Jha PK, GPS Ghimire, SB Karmacharya, SR Baral and P Lacoul (eds), Environment and biodiversity: In the context of South Asia. Kathmandu. ECOS.114- 119.
View at Google Scholar18.Singh, P., Biswas, J.C., Somvanshi, R., Verma, A.K., Deb, S.M. and Dey, R.A. 1996. Performance of pashmina cheghu. goats fed on oak _Quercus semecarpifolia. leaves. Small Rumin. Res., 22: 123–130.
View at Google Scholar19.Singh, J.S. 2006. Sustainable development of the Indian Himalayan region:Linking ecological and economic concerns. Curr. Sci., 90(6): 784–788.
View at Google Scholar20.Singh, B. and Todaria, N.P. 2012. Nutrients composition changes in leaves of Quercus semecarpifolia at different seasons and altitudes. Ann. For. Sci., 55(2): 189-196.
View at Google Scholar21.Singh, J.S. and Singh, S.P. 1986. Structure and function of the Central Himalayan Oak forests. Proceeding of Indian National Science Academy (Plant Science) 96: 156-189.
View at Google Scholar22.Singh, J.S. and Singh, S.P. 1992. Forest of Himalaya. Gyanodaya Prakashan, Nainital. https://www.worldcat. org/title/forests-of-himalaya-structure-functioning-andimpactof man/oclc/28220597.
View at Google Scholar23.Singh, S.P. 1998. Chronic disturbance, a principal cause of environmental degradation in developing countries (Editorial). Environ. Conserv., 25: 1-2.
View at Google Scholar24.Smith, O.B. 1992. Fodder trees and fodder shrubs in range and farming systems in tropical humid Africa. In: (eds. Speedy A., Pugliese P. L.). Legume trees and other fodder trees as protein sources for livestock FAO Animal Production and Health Paper 102:43-60.
View at Google Scholar25.Subedi, M.N. 2006. Conservation and sustainable utilization of oak (Quercus semecorpofolia Sm.) forest in Nepal. Bulletin of Department of Plant Resources, 27: 44-50.
View at Google Scholar26.Subedi, M.N. 2006. Conservation and sustainable utilization of oak (Quercus semecorpofolia Sm.) forest in Nepal. Bulletin of Department of Plant Resources, 27: 44-50.
View at Google Scholar27.Upreti, N., Tiwari, J.C. and Singh, S.P. 1985. The oak forest of Kumaun Himalaya (India): Composition, diversity and regeneration. Mount. Res. Dev., 5(2): 163-74.
View at Google Scholar28.Valdia, K.S. 1998. Dynamic Himalaya. Haidarabad: University Press Ltd. pp. 178.
View at Google Scholar